It is estimated that nearly a third of people who abuse drugs started with prescription opioid
medicines. Approximately, 11.5 million Americans used prescription drugs recreationally in …

Introduction Postoperative pain is a distressful experience and remains to be a significant
concern after surgery. Current agents either fail to prevent or minimize postoperative pain or …

Importance Although better pain management has guided policies for opioid use over the
past few decades, evidence is limited regarding how patterns of use are associated with the …

Tramadol and tapentadol, two structurally related synthetic opioid analgesics, are widely
prescribed due to the enhanced therapeutic profiles resulting from the synergistic …

Tramadol is a low-level opioid increasingly recommended to treat moderate-to-severe acute
and chronic pain. Although characterized as having fewer opioid-related adverse events, the …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Toad venom is one of widely used traditional Chinese
medicines due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, hydrophilic …

Abstract Cuminic alcohol (4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol; 4-IPBA) is a monocyclic terpenoid
found in the analgesic medicinal plants Cuminum cyminum and Bunium persicum. The …

Objective Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is increasing among US individuals aged 50+. We
examined associations of past-year AUD with other substance use and any mental illness …

Introduction Drug safety studies regarding comparative risk of different opioid compounds
are important as providers and regulatory agencies in the United States continue to balance …

Objective Opioid-related deaths are a leading cause of accidental deaths in the United
States (US). This study aims to examine the national trends in opioid exposures reported to …