Autophagy in major human diseases

DJ Klionsky, G Petroni, RK Amaravadi… - The EMBO …, 2021 - embopress.org
Autophagy is a core molecular pathway for the preservation of cellular and organismal
homeostasis. Pharmacological and genetic interventions impairing autophagy responses …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: clinical considerations and management

S Bellary, I Kyrou, JE Brown, CJ Bailey - Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2021 - nature.com
The past 50 years have seen a growing ageing population with an increasing prevalence of
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); now, nearly half of all individuals with diabetes mellitus are …

An aged immune system drives senescence and ageing of solid organs

MJ Yousefzadeh, RR Flores, YI Zhu, ZC Schmiechen… - Nature, 2021 - nature.com
Ageing of the immune system, or immunosenescence, contributes to the morbidity and
mortality of the elderly,. To define the contribution of immune system ageing to organism …

Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aging process: age-related diseases or longevity?

A Santoro, E Bientinesi, D Monti - Ageing research reviews, 2021 - Elsevier
During aging the immune system (IS) undergoes remarkable changes that collectively are
known as immunosenescence. It is a multifactorial and dynamic phenomenon that affects …

DNA damage—how and why we age?

M Yousefzadeh, C Henpita, R Vyas, C Soto-Palma… - Elife, 2021 - elifesciences.org
Aging is a complex process that results in loss of the ability to reattain homeostasis following
stress, leading, thereby, to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Many factors contribute …

Sex differences in biological aging with a focus on human studies

S Hägg, J Jylhävä - Elife, 2021 - elifesciences.org
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by hallmark features accumulating over
the life course, shaping the individual's aging trajectory and subsequent disease risks. There …

The degree of frailty as a translational measure of health in aging

SE Howlett, AD Rutenberg, K Rockwood - Nature Aging, 2021 - nature.com
Frailty is a multiply determined, age-related state of increased risk for adverse health
outcomes. We review how the degree of frailty conditions the development of late-life …

[HTML][HTML] Sarcopenia–Molecular mechanisms and open questions

P Wiedmer, T Jung, JP Castro, LCD Pomatto… - Ageing research …, 2021 - Elsevier
Sarcopenia represents a muscle-wasting syndrome characterized by progressive and
generalized degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength occurring …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: metabolic, genetic, epigenetic and environmental risk factors

O Juanola, S Martínez-López, R Francés… - International journal of …, 2021 - mdpi.com
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most frequent causes of chronic liver
disease in the Western world, probably due to the growing prevalence of obesity, metabolic …

Cellular senescence in brain aging

E Sikora, A Bielak-Zmijewska, M Dudkowska… - Frontiers in aging …, 2021 - frontiersin.org
Aging of the brain can manifest itself as a memory and cognitive decline, which has been
shown to frequently coincide with changes in the structural plasticity of dendritic spines …