The interaction between host and microorganism widely affects the immune and metabolic
status. Indole and its derivatives are metabolites produced by the metabolism of tryptophan …

Water scarcity is increasingly a global cause of concern mainly due to widespread changes
in climate conditions and increased consumptive water use driven by the exponential …

The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a critical regulator of both innate and adaptive
immune responses, with potent immunomodulatory effects that makes this receptor an …

Tumors accumulate metabolites that deactivate infiltrating immune cells and polarize them
toward anti-inflammatory phenotypes. We provide a comprehensive review of the complex …

Energy metabolism plays an important role in proliferating cells. Recent reports indicate that
metabolic regulation or metabolic products can control immune cell differentiation, fate and …

Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcgRIIb) is the only inhibitory-FcgR in the FcgR family, and FcgRIIb-
deficient (FcgRIIb−/−) mice develop a lupus-like condition with hyper-responsiveness …

In order to fulfill their effector and patrolling functions, lymphocytes traffic through the body
and need to adapt to different tissue microenvironments. First, mature lymphocytes egress …

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand‑activated transcription factor, whose canonical
pathway mainly regulates the genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. However, it can also …

Background Previous studies have reported the potential of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)
in cancer immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms underpinning its therapeutic value …

Simple Summary The kynurenine pathway (KP) is a biochemical pathway that synthesizes
the vital coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). In cancer, the KP is …