Abstract Organs-on-chips (OoCs), also known as microphysiological systems or 'tissue
chips'(the terms are synonymous), have attracted substantial interest in recent years owing …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the leading cause of chronic liver disease in
western countries. The molecular mechanisms leading to NAFLD are only partially …

A major challenge in the use of HepG2 cell culture models for drug toxicity screening is their
lack of maturity in 2D culture. 3D culture in Matrigel promotes the formation of spheroids that …

Urea cycle disorders are enzymopathies resulting from inherited deficiencies in any genes
of the cycle. In severe cases, currently available therapies are marginally effective, with liver …

Microphysiological systems (MPS) have been actively developed as a new technology for in
vitro toxicity testing platforms in recent years. MPS are culture techniques for the …

Hepatocytes are the main cell components of the liver and perform metabolic, detoxification,
and endocrine functions. Functional hepatocytes are of great value in drug development …

To develop a functional alternative hepatocyte model for primary human hepatocytes
(PHHs) with proliferative property, essential drug metabolic, and transporter functions …

Three-dimensional models are considered a powerful tool for improving the concordance
between in vitro and in vivo phenotypes. However, the duration of spheroid culture may …

Summary iPSC-based liver tissue is rapidly becoming available for modeling liver
physiology due to its ability to recapitulate the complex three-dimensional architecture of the …

Hepatic organoids are a recent innovation in in vitro modeling. Initial studies suggest that
organoids better recapitulate the liver phenotype in vitro compared to pre-existing …