Atherosclerosis, a dominant and growing cause of death and disability worldwide, involves
inflammation from its inception to the emergence of complications. Targeting inflammatory …

Emerging evidence has spurred a considerable evolution of concepts relating to
atherosclerosis, and has called into question many previous notions. Here I review this …

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a major contributor to loss of physical function, quality of life
and longevity. The epidemiology of VHD varies substantially around the world, with a …

Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects> 230 million adults worldwide and is
associated with increased risk of various adverse clinical outcomes (other cardiovascular …

Pollution and the Heart Environmental pollution is a cardiovascular risk factor. The Global
Burden of Disease study estimated that pollution caused 9 million deaths in 2019, of which …

The average life expectancy of the world population has increased remarkably in the past
150 years and it is still increasing. A long life is a dream of humans since the beginning of …

Background In randomised controlled trials, fixed-dose combination treatments (or polypills)
have been shown to reduce a composite of cardiovascular disease outcomes in primary …

Aims The Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
developed the HFA Atlas to provide a contemporary description of heart failure (HF) …

Aims Digital therapeutics is a new approach to facilitate the non-pharmacological treatment
of hypertension using software programmes such as smartphone applications and/or device …

Importance Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects approximately 8.5
million people in the US and approximately 230 million worldwide. Observations Peripheral …