Two years after the appearance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causal agent of the current
global pandemic, it is time to analyze the evolution of the immune protection that infection …

Introduction Aging causes several changes in the immune system, although immune aging
is strongly influenced by individual immunological history, as well as genetic and …

Cells communicate with each other via receptor-ligand interactions. Here, we describe
lentiviral-mediated cell entry by engineered receptor-ligand interaction (ENTER) to display …

BCG vaccine has been used for 100 years to prevent tuberculosis. Not all countries,
including the United States, adopted the initial World Health Organization recommendation …

Background Immunosenescence (ISC) describes age-related changes in immune-system
composition and function. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong inflammatory condition …

Socioeconomic and demographic factors including educational attainment, race and
ethnicity, and childhood socioeconomic status (SES) are powerful predictors of inequalities …

Ageing is a major risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's
disease (PD). Progressive age-related dysregulation of the immune system is termed …

Many people experiencing long COVID syndrome, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2
infection (PASC), suffer from debilitating neurologic symptoms (Neuro-PASC). However …

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is associated with immunological disorders,
presented as phenotypic alterations of T lymphocytes. These changes are expected to be …

Immunosenescence describes immune dysfunction observed in older individuals. To identify
individuals at‐risk for immune dysfunction, it is crucial to understand the diverse immune …