The incidence of infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics is constantly
increasing. In Europe alone, it has been estimated that each year about 33′ 000 deaths are …

Background The joint committee of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care
Medicine/Japanese Respiratory Society/Japanese Society of Respiratory Care Medicine on …

ABSTRACT Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) are useful
biomarkers to differentiate bacterial from viral or fungal infections, although the association …

Community-acquired pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. It can be
caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi and can be prevented through vaccination with …

In recent years, personalized or precision medicine has made effective inroads into the
management of diseases, including respiratory diseases. The route to implementing this …

Childhood community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of mortality in
children under 5 years worldwide. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) may be limited by …

Importance Bacterial and viral causes of acute respiratory illness (ARI) are difficult to
clinically distinguish, resulting in the inappropriate use of antibacterial therapy. The use of a …

Identification of host transcriptional response signatures has emerged as a new paradigm
for infection diagnosis. For clinical applications, signatures must robustly detect the …

Distinguishing between bacterial and nonbacterial sources of fever and sepsis is
challenging in the acute setting. Rapid administration of effective antimicrobial drugs is one …

Objective Hyponatremia in COVID-19 is often due to the syndrome of inadequate
antidiuresis (SIAD), possibly mediated by interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced non-osmotic arginine …