Gallstones affect 20% of the Western population and will grow in clinical significance as
obesity and metabolic diseases become more prevalent. Gallbladder removal …

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a standard treatment for patients with gallstones in the
gallbladder. However, multiple risk factors affect the probability of conversion from …

Background Open conversion rates during laparoscopic cholecystectomy vary depending
on many factors. Surgeon experience and operative difficulty influence the decision to …

Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy operative difficulty is highly variable and
influences outcomes. This systematic review analyzes the performance and clinical value of …

Background Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) plays an important
role in the treatment of elderly patients and/or patients in poor health with acute cholecystitis …

Knowing the surgical anatomy and related variations, revealing the factors that indicate
difficult cholecystectomy, knowing and applying various safe surgical cholecystectomy …

Background: Early or emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was recommended in
the 2018 Tokyo Guidelines for patients with mild to moderate acute cholecystitis (AC) …

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has grown in popularity since its introduction and has
become the gold standard surgical method for the treatment of cholelithiasis. It has several …

Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the postoperative outcome of open
cholecystectomy in patients receiving spinal versus general anesthesia. Study design …

Absolute contraindications are those that render laparoscopic surgery inapplicable to a
specific patient because such patients will be unable to tolerate capnoperitoneum due to …