The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-
messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of …

High-energy cosmic rays are observed indirectly by detecting the extensive air showers
initiated in Earth's atmosphere. The interpretation of these observations relies on accurate …

Cosmic rays are observed up to the astounding energies of more than 1020 eV, making
them the most energetic particles known in the universe. However, the origin of these …

The discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos and the first hints of coincident
electromagnetic and neutrino emissions opened new opportunities in multi-messenger …

Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) is often described by dispersion relations of the form E2 i=
m2 i+ p2 i+ δi, nE2+n with delta different based on particle type i, with energy E, momentum …

We explore inferences on ultrahigh energy cosmic ray (UHECR) source environments—
constrained by the spectrum and composition of UHECRs and nonobservation of extremely …

We investigate the observed muon deficit in air shower simulations when compared to
ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) data. Based upon the observed enhancement of …

Interactions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) accelerated in specific astrophysical
environments have been shown to shape the energy production rate of nuclei differently …

Context. In recent years, evidence for an anisotropic distribution of ultra-high-energy cosmic
rays (UHECRs) has been claimed, notably a dipole modulation in right ascension has been …

The existence of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), the ones reaching Earth with
energies above∼ 1018 eV, was proven in the early 1960s and recent measurements point …