The ten–eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases consists of three members,
TET1, TET2, and TET3. All three TET enzymes have Fe+ 2 and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) …

Microglia, resident macrophages that act as the brain's innate immune cells, play a key role
in initiating a defense response to the infection or neuroinflammation of the host. Once a …

Lysosomes are the main organelles in macrophages for killing invading bacteria. However,
the precise mechanism underlying lysosomal biogenesis upon bacterial infection remains …

The term 'magic bullet'is a scientific concept proposed by the German Nobel laureate Paul
Ehrlich in 1907, describing a medicine that could specifically and efficiently target a disease …

Endogenous small molecules are metabolic regulators of cell function. Itaconate is a key
molecule that accumulates in cells when the Krebs cycle is disrupted. Itaconate is derived …

Ischemic stroke (also called cerebral ischemia) is one of the leading causes of death and
severe disability worldwide. NLR inflammasomes play a crucial role in sensing cell damage …

Itaconate is a newly discovered endogenous metabolite promoting an anti-inflammatory
program during innate immune response, but the precise mechanisms underlying its effect …

Background Neurodegenerative diseases including AD is currently one of intractable
problems globally due to the insufficiency of intervention strategies. Long-term infection of …

Immune cells are metabolically plastic and respond to inflammatory stimuli with large shifts
in metabolism. Itaconate is one of the most up-regulated metabolites in macrophages in …

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic tumor, with the highest mortality rate.
Numerous studies have been conducted on the treatment of ovarian cancer in the hopes of …