During the past 40 years, cytokines and cytokine receptors have been extensively
investigated as either cancer targets or cancer treatments. A strong preclinical rationale …

To defense harmful stimuli or maintain the immune homeostasis, the body produces and
recruits a superfamily of cytokines such as interleukins, interferons, chemokines etc. Among …

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) using antibodies against PD1 and its
ligand PDL1 has prompted substantial efforts to develop complementary drugs. Although …

The CCL2-CCR2 axis is one of the major chemokine signaling pathways that has received
special attention because of its function in the development and progression of …

Immunotherapy has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer. Current cancer
immunotherapies are mostly antibody-based, thus possessing advantages in regard to …

HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors are the important components of highly active
antiretroviral therapies (HAARTs) for anti-HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis in …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered the second cause of cancer death worldwide. The
early diagnosis plays a key role in patient prognosis and subsequently overall survival …

Currently, multimodal synergistic nanoplatform emerges as an important cancer therapy
paradigm, however, multimodal synergistic theranostic nanoplatform remains to be …

Fungi are renowned as a fountainhead of bio-metabolites that could be employed for
producing novel therapeutic agents, as well as enzymes with wide biotechnological and …

Chemokines and their receptors participate in many biological processes, including the
modulation of neuroimmune interactions. Approximately fifty chemokines are distinguished …