In this paper, we proposed an enhanced reptile search algorithm (RSA) for global
optimization and selected optimal thresholding values for multilevel image segmentation …

The artificial bee colony optimization (ABC) algorithm operates efficiently and converges
well but still suffers from the problem of easily falling into local optimum, and there is room …

Due to the uncertainty pervasive in manufacturing and production systems, a crisp
processing time is no longer appropriate. Thus, the flexible job-shop scheduling issue …

In this article, we examine the Kraenkel–Manna–Merle system (KMMS) with an M-truncated
derivative (MTD). Our goal is to obtain rational, hyperbolic, and trigonometric solutions by …

Due to technical advancements and the proliferation of mobile applications, facial analysis
(FA) of humans has recently become an important area for computer vision research. FA …

With the development and wider application of meta-heuristic optimization algorithms,
researchers increasingly apply them to threshold optimization of multi-level image …

We take into account the (2+ 1)-dimensional stochastic Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
with beta-derivative (SKPE-BD) in this paper. To develop new hyperbolic, trigonometric …

The image thresholding methods consume a lot of time due to computational complexity
when the number of threshold levels increases. In order to reduce computation time and …

The distribution characteristic of populations is one of the main characteristics of population.
The pattern of distribution characteristics determines the probability law of individual values …

In order to restore the original colours of ancient relics more accurately and to reduce the
burden of manual restoration, we developed a novel colour-restoration technique based on …