In 2005, Science magazine designated the problem of accounting for difficulties in L2
(second language) learning as one of the 125 outstanding challenges facing scientific …

Despite its many twists and turns, the arc of cognitive science generally bends toward
progress, thanks to its interdisciplinary nature. By glancing at the last few decades of …

Language can have a powerful effect on how people experience events. Here, we examine
how the languages people speak guide attention and influence what they remember from a …

The current review examines listening effort to uncover how it is implicated in bilingual
performance under adverse listening conditions. Various measures of listening effort …

Speaking multiple languages has been associated with enhanced cognitive flexibility and
problem-solving skills. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship and its …

Bilingualism has been associated with changes in our language-related and domain-
general cognition. However, it remains controversial whether bilingualism-related cognitive …

Decades of research on bilingual grammars corroborate the integrated nature of these
systems, leading to the conjecture that these representations are 'shared'(Marian & Spivey …

How do listeners understand what they are hearing? Humans hearing speech perform
spoken word recognition, recognizing what words they are hearing in a speech stream in …

Subcortical structures implicated in language control and processing adapt structurally with
increasing language experience. However, the adaptation patterns across different …

Bilinguals' exact number representations result from associations between language-
independent Indo-Arabic digits (“5”), two verbal codes (“fünf” and “cinq”) and a common …