The use of biomarkers as early warning systems in the evaluation of disease risk has
increased markedly in the last decade. Biomarkers are indicators of typical biological …

In the past decade there has been a growing interest in understanding sex and gender
differences in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and the purpose of this review …

Background Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death globally.
Traditionally, centre‐based cardiac rehabilitation programmes are offered to individuals after …

Linked to exacerbated inflammation, myocarditis is a cardiovascular disease, which may
lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. Although sex and age differences in the development of …

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in heart failure with preserved
ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, current evidence is equivocal regarding the potential …

ABSTRACT Aims Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) improve outcomes in heart
failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but remain underused and are often …

There has been an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality over the past few
decades, making cardiovascular disease (CVD) the leading cause of death worldwide …

Background: Studies on serially measured GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor 15) in acute
heart failure (HF) are limited. Moreover, several pathophysiological pathways contribute to …

Multiple landmark trials have helped to advance the treatment of heart failure with reduced
ejection fraction (HFrEF) significantly over the past decade. These trials have led to the …

The heart is a functional syncytium controlled by a delicate and sophisticated balance
ensured by the tight coordination of its several cell subpopulations. Accordingly …