Infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and
vaccinations targeting the spike protein (S) offer protective immunity against coronavirus …

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has allowed for the profiling of host and virus
transcripts and host‒virus interactions at single-cell resolution. This review summarizes the …

Germinal centers (GCs) form in lymph nodes after immunization or infection to facilitate
antibody affinity maturation and memory and plasma cell (PC) development. PC …

Protective immune responses to many pathogens depend on the development of high-
affinity antibody-producing plasma cells (PC) in germinal centers (GCs). Transgenic models …

Understanding persistence and evolution of B cell clones after COVID-19 infection and
vaccination is crucial for predicting responses against emerging viral variants and optimizing …

Extrafollicular plasmablast responses (EFRs) are considered to generate antibodies of low
affinity that offer little protection from infections. Paradoxically, high avidity antigen-B cell …

The germinal center (GC) reaction is unique in that it incorporates clonal expansion, somatic
mutagenesis, affinity-based selection, and differentiation events all in one tightly packed but …

Human norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. Young children and the
elderly bear the greatest burden of disease, representing more than 200,000 deaths …

Most vaccines induce robust antibody and memory B-cell (MBC) responses that are capable
of mediating protective immunity. However, antibody titers wane following vaccination …

Infections with Chikungunya virus, a mosquito-borne alphavirus, cause an acute febrile
syndrome often followed by chronic arthritis that persists for months to years post-infection …