Despite its many twists and turns, the arc of cognitive science generally bends toward
progress, thanks to its interdisciplinary nature. By glancing at the last few decades of …

In this paper, we discuss key characteristics and typical experimental designs of the visual-
world paradigm and compare different methods of analysing eye-movement data. We …

Abstract The Visual World Paradigm (VWP) is a powerful experimental paradigm for
language research. Listeners respond to speech in a “visual world” containing potential …

Language switching is often associated with language competition and switching costs.
However, the underlying mechanisms might differ depending on context (free versus cued …

Classic psycholinguistics seeks universal language mechanisms for all people,
emphasizing the “modal” listener: hearing, neurotypical, monolingual, and young adults …

Aims: The study investigates the effects of L2 proficiency and L2 exposure on L2-to-L1 cross-
language activation (CLA) in L1-dominant bilinguals. In so doing, it tests the predictions …

Late second language (L2) learners show translation priming from the first language (L1) to
the second language (L1–L2), while L2–L1 effects are inconsistent. Late L2 learners also …

In a between-language lexical priming study, we examined to what extent the two languages
in a simultaneous bilingual child's lexicon interact, while taking individual differences in …

Word retrieval during language production slows down with age. However, bilinguals also
require language control to manage language competition, in particular when switching …

Heritage speakers contend with at least two languages: the less dominant first language
(L1), that is, the heritage language, and the more dominant second language (L2). In some …