The field of cancer immunotherapy has shown significant growth, and researchers are now
focusing on effective strategies to enhance and prolong local immunomodulation. Injectable …

Finding effective treatments for cancer remains a challenge. Recent studies have found that
the mechanisms of tumor evasion are becoming increasingly diverse, including abnormal …

Checkpoint proteins are an integral part of the immune system and are used by the tumor
cells to evade immune response, which helps them grow uncontrollably. By blocking these …

The efficacy of standard glioblastoma (GBM) treatments has been limited due to the highly
immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment, interpatient tumor heterogenicity and …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of nanoscale membrane-bound organelles
including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), membrane particles, and apoptotic bodies, which …

Regulatory T cells (Treg), as members of CD4+ T cells, have garnered extensive attention in
the research of tumor progression. Treg cells have the function of inhibiting the immune …

Simple Summary The cancer-immunity cycle is characterized by various stimulatory and
inhibitory factors, which together regulate the immune response and halt the extreme …

Immunotherapy is a new type of tumor treatment after surgery, radiotherapy and
chemotherapy, which can be used to manage and destroy tumor cells through activating or …

Immunotherapy, particularly those based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has
become a useful approach for many neoplastic diseases. Despite the improvements of ICIs …

The host stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway is a major innate immune
sensing pathway, and the stimulation of this pathway within antigen-presenting cells shows …