Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system, playing critical roles in
brain development and homeostasis. Increasing evidence has implicated microglia …

Neuroinflammation is a complex biological process that plays a significant role in various
brain disorders. Microglia and astrocytes are the key cell types involved in inflammatory …

Microglia may only represent 10% of central nervous system (CNS) cells but they perform
critical roles in development, homeostasis and neurological disease. Microglia are also …

Human organoids are small, self-organized, three-dimensional (3D) tissue cultures that
have started to revolutionize medical science in terms of understanding disease, testing …

Human pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into cell types that are representative of
the central nervous system. Under specific culture conditions, these cells can be induced to …

The brain is one of the important reservoir sites for HIV persistent/latent infection that often
leads to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). However, HIV dynamics in the …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that has emerged as
a leading risk factor for dementia associated with increasing age. Two‐dimensional (2D) cell …

The extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in plaques and associated
neurodegeneration are the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These …

Central nervous system (CNS) repair after injury or disease remains an unresolved problem
in neurobiology research and an unmet medical need. Directly reprogramming or converting …

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) reservoirs in the human brain: Antiretroviral therapy
(ART) effectively decreases active HIV replication to undetectable levels. Therefore, it greatly …