The nonfungible token (NFT) marketplace spiked in the recent past. The concept originated
initially as a token standard of Ethereum, an open-source blockchain with smart contract …

The next-generation blockchain ecosystem is expected to integrate both homogeneous and
heterogeneous distributed ledgers. These systems require operations across multiple …

Limitations on high latency and low scalability of classical blockchain systems retard their
adoptions and applications. Reconstructed blockchain systems have been proposed to …

After the success of the Bitcoin blockchain, came several cryptocurrencies and blockchain
solutions in the last decade. Nonetheless, Blockchain-based systems still suffer from low …

In the current era, blockchain has approximately 30 consensus algorithms. This
architecturally distributed database stores data in an encrypted form with multiple checks …

Blockchain is a peer-to-peer trustless network that keeps records of digital assets without
any central authority. With the passage of time, the sustainability issue of blockchain is …

The integration of blockchain and digital twins (DT) for better building-lifecycle data
management has recently received much attention from researchers in the field. In this …

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), a large-scale, heterogeneous, and
dynamic distributed network has been formed among IoT devices. There is an extreme need …

This paper summarizes the work of many different authors, industries, and countries by
introducing important and influential factors that will help in the development, successful …

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has raised security concerns, including MQTT
protocol-based applications that lack built-in security features and rely on resource-intensive …