In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a transformative
approach in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite their success …

One of the mechanisms by which tumor cells can evade the immune system is over
activation of the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD …

The prognostic role of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and exosomal PD-L1 (exoPD-L1) in patients
with gastric cancer (GC) receiving systemic chemotherapy remains unelucidated. Thus, we …

Background Circulating soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) can negatively
regulate T-cell function and serve as a prognostic or predictive marker in a variety of …

Highlights sPD-L1 is potential predictive biomarker for differentiation of malignant lesions in
head and neck region. Significantly higher levels of sPD-L1 are detected in malignant …

Background The soluble programmed death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) and its prognostic role in
cancers have been investigated in numerous studies. However, due to the inconsistency on …

Introduction The prognostic role of soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) in digestive
system cancers (DSCs) remains inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the predictive …

Abstract Background: To date, PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue, assessed by
immunohistochemical stain, is clinically applicable as a predictive companion biomarker for …