Abstract This White Paper presents an overview of the current status and future perspective
of QCD research, based on the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the 2022 …

Abstract The Telescope Array Collaboration recently reported the detection of a cosmic-ray
particle," Amaterasu," with an extremely high energy of 2.4× 10 20 eV. Here we investigate …

In turbulent magnetized plasmas, charged particles can be accelerated to high energies
through their interactions with the turbulent motions. As they do so, they draw energy from …

A dipole anisotropy in ultra–high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) arrival directions, of
extragalactic origin, is now firmly established at energies E> 8 EeV. Furthermore, the …

The combined fit of the measured energy spectrum and shower maximum depth
distributions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is known to constrain the parameters of …

Abstract Recently the Telescope Array collaboration reported an observation of cosmic ray
event with very high energy 244 EeV (2.44× 10 20 eV). Importantly, the event is hard to …

Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) beyond the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cut-off
provide us with a unique opportunity to understand the universe at extreme energies …

It is shown that the acceleration of particles by a powerful relativistic jet associated with the
activity of a supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center several million years ago may …

The flux of ultra-high energy cosmic rays reaching Earth above the ankle energy (5 EeV) can
be described as a mixture of nuclei injected by extragalactic sources with very hard spectra …

Over the last decade, observations have shown that the mean mass of ultra-high-energy
cosmic rays (UHECRs) increases progressively toward the highest energies. However, the …