Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily conserved family in the innate immune
system and are the first line of host defense against microbial pathogens by recognizing …

The phospholipase D (PLD) family is comprised of enzymes bearing phospholipase activity
towards lipids or endo-and exonuclease activity towards nucleic acids. PLD3 is synthesized …

Summary Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is essential for recognition of RNA viruses and initiation
of antiviral immunity. TLR7 contains two ligand-binding pockets that recognize different RNA …

The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is linked to the differential roles of
toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. TLR7 overexpression or gene …

Nucleic acid–sensing Toll-like receptors (TLR) 3, 7/8, and 9 are key innate immune sensors
whose activities must be tightly regulated to prevent systemic autoimmune or …

Endolysosomal exonucleases PLD3 and PLD4 (phospholipases D3 and D4) are associated
with autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We report structures of these enzymes …

Animal models of diabetes, such as db/db mice, are a useful tool for deciphering the genetic
background of molecular changes at the initial stages of disease development. Our goal was …

SUMMARY Bis (monoacylglycero) phosphate (BMP) is an abundant lysosomal phospholipid
required for degradation of lipids, in particular gangliosides. Alterations in BMP levels are …

Chagas disease is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This
disease affects mainly rural areas in Central and South America, where the insect vector is …

Phospholipase D (PLD) family proteins degrade phospholipids and nucleic acids. In the
current issue of Structure, Yuan et al. 1 report crystal structures of lysosomal PLD3 and …