The forkhead box protein O (FOXO, consisting of FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4 and FOXO6)
transcription factors are the mammalian orthologues of Caenorhabditis elegans DAF-16 …

Oxidation–reduction (redox) reactions are central to the existence of life. Reactive species of
oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur mediate redox control of a wide range of essential cellular …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s),
consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PGC-1-related …

Besides vaccines, the development of antiviral drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 is critical for
preventing future COVID outbreaks. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), a cysteine …

Ubiquitination/ubiquitylation, one of the most fundamental post-translational modifications,
regulates almost every critical cellular process in eukaryotes. Emerging evidence has shown …

While N, N'-substituted p-phenylenediamines (PPDs) and their quinone derivatives (PPDQs)
have been widely detected in the environment, there is currently limited data on their …

Numerous neurodegenerative diseases result from altered ion channel function and
mutations. The intracellular redox status can significantly alter the gating characteristics of …

Increased life expectancy, attributed to improved access to healthcare and drug
development, has led to an increase in multimorbidity, a key contributor to polypharmacy …

Diabetic wound healing remains a critical challenge due to its special hyperglycemic
environment and disorder in wound healing process. The hyperglycemic microenvironment …

Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid widely found in fruits and
vegetables. It has been reported that UA has anti‐inflammatory effects. However, its efficacy …