Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common (De Lau and Breteler, 2006) and the
most rapidly rising neurodegenerative disease in the world (GBD 2016 Parkinson's disease …

Pain perception involves current stimulation in peripheral nociceptive nerves and the
subsequent stimulation of postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. Importantly, in …

Parkinson's disease, a classical motor disorder affecting the dopaminergic system of the
brain, has been as a disease of the brain, but this classical notion has now been viewed …

A plethora of studies have so far described the toxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on
organism health, highlighting the urgent need to find new strategies not only to reduce the …

Numerous studies have reported a correlation between gut microbiota and influenza A virus
(IAV) infection and disease severity. However, the causal relationship between these factors …

The pathophysiological regulatory mechanisms in postoperative neurocognitive disorders
(PNCDs) are intricately complex. Currently, the pathogenesis of PNCDs has not been fully …

The bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and the nervous system is known
as the microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA). The MGBA controls the complex interactions …

Rationale Probiotics have beneficial effects on the nervous system by modulating the gut-
brain axis. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation presents a potential way for ameliorating …

The existing data demonstrate that probiotic supplementation affords protective effects
against neurotoxicity of exogenous (eg, metals, ethanol, propionic acid, aflatoxin B1, organic …

Gut microbiome-targeted interventions such as fecal transplant, prebiotics, probiotics,
synbiotics, and antibiotic gut depletion are speculated to be of potential use in delaying the …