Exosomes, which are nanosized vesicles secreted by cells, are attracting increasing interest
in the field of biomedical research due to their unique properties, including biocompatibility …

In the past decade RNA-based therapies such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and
messenger RNA (mRNA) have emerged as new and ground-breaking therapeutic agents for …

This book explains the role of hormones in improving and monitoring the production,
performance, reproduction, behaviour and health of livestock animals, focusing on cattle …

Treating bone infections and ensuring bone repair is one of the greatest global challenges
of modern orthopedics, made complex by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) risks due to long …

Cardiovascular biomaterials (also known as CB) are the most common type of biomaterials,
both in terms of investments and demand. This review article compiles information on the CB …

Hydrogels are a class of highly absorbent and easily modified polymer materials suitable for
use as slow-release carriers for drugs. Gene therapy is highly specific and can overcome the …

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by the progressive
degeneration of neurons in the central or peripheral nervous system. Currently, there is no …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapy is the intracellular delivery of mRNA to produce desired
therapeutic proteins. Developing strategies for local mRNA delivery is still required where …

Cellular heterogeneity in cell populations of isogenic origin is driven by intrinsic factors such
as stochastic gene expression, as well as external factors like nutrient availability and …

RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been a promising treatment strategy for combating
intractable diseases. However, the applications of RNAi in clinical are hampered by …