With the increasing focus on the carbon neutrality, the low-carbon building (LCB) has been
adopted as a strategic objective, with more and more information technologies (ITs) applied …

Because of their low computational costs, surrogate models (SMs), also known as meta-
models, have attracted attention as simplified approximations of detailed simulations …

Architectural design variables (ADVs) highly influence a building's sustainability
performance. Thus, identifying which ADVs are most influential in a building's early stages is …

Reactive control strategies lack the flexibility necessary to optimize the operational costs of
buildings and district systems. To overcome this limitation and to enable the transition to …

This study evaluates a new hybrid approach for determining homes' heating load (HL). The
crow search algorithm (CSA), heap-based optimizer (HBO), seeker optimization algorithm …

The inefficient operation of air-conditioning system, which leads to its high-energy
consumption, has aroused far-ranging concern at present. And an accurate prediction of …

Since the cooling systems used in buildings in hot climates account for a significant portion
of the energy consumption, it is very important for both economy and environment to …

The effective prediction of heating load in residential buildings is crucial for optimizing
energy consumption and enhancing thermal comfort. This study investigates three …

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems could significantly impact indoor
environmental quality, particularly in terms of thermal comfort and indoor air quality …

Buildings account for 40% of energy usage worldwide. The physical characteristics of the
building, the effectiveness of the heating and cooling systems, the inhabitants' activities, and …