Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent regulatory cytokine with diverse effects on
hemopoietic cells. The pivotal function of TGF-β in the immune system is to maintain …

The nature of microglia fascinated many prominent researchers in the 19th and early 20th
centuries, and in a classic treatise in 1932, Pio del Rio-Hortega formulated a number of …

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is a major cause of
mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Current therapy with melarsoprol for CNS …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is an important regulator of inflammation, being
proinflammatory at low concentrations and anti-inflammatory at high concentrations. As …

The role of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG)-specific Th cell responses in determining
resistance to the African trypanosomes was examined by comparing Th cell responses in …

Innate and adaptive immunity function to eliminate foreign invaders and respond to injury
while enabling coexistence with commensal microbes and tolerance against self and …

The diseases caused by African trypanosomes (AT) are of both medical and veterinary
importance and have adversely influenced the economic development of sub-Saharan …

In EAE/MS, effector molecules are produced as a result of the interaction between T
lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells and the spectrum of cytokines produced is likely …

Subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei cause severe brain diseases after penetration of the
blood-brain barrier. We investigated whether cytokines that modulate inflammatory cell …

The role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the surveillance of Trypanosoma cruzi or
Trypanosoma brucei brucei was studied in mice which lacked CD4 or CD8 molecules and …