This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

OBJECTIVE: Opioid medications are among the most effective analgesics. However, the
consequences of opioid exposure to the developing human offspring are not known. We …

Intrauterine morphine exposure is a risk factor for neurological and behavioral deficit in
children, although the precise underlying biological correlate for this is unclear. Female …

Poppy seeds are obtained from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). They are used
as food and to produce edible oil. The opium poppy plant contains narcotic alkaloids such …

Introduction Opioids constitute a cornerstone of pain relief treatment. However, opioid safety
during pregnancy has not been well established. Recent studies reported an association …

Impaired memory performance in offspring is one of the long-lasting neurobehavioral
consequences of prenatal opiate exposure. Here, we studied the effects of prenatal …

Maternal morphine consumption has been shown to result in physical and neurobehavioral
defects in fetus and offspring, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of these defects …

Chronic exposure to morphine results in cognitive deficits and alterations of apoptotic
proteins in favor of cell death in the hippocampus, a brain region critically involved in …

Opioid use and abuse has reached epidemic levels in the United States. As these drugs are
frequently used by women of reproductive age, there has been a significant increase in the …

Exposure to drugs during pregnancy has the potential to harm offspring. Teratogenic effects
are the most feared adverse outcomes in newborns; however, a wide spectrum of less …