Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively investigated for decades for tumor
treatment because of its non-invasiveness, spatiotemporal selectivity, lower side-effects, and …

Research related to the development and application of luminescent nanoparticles (LNPs)
for chemical and biological analysis and imaging is flourishing. Novel materials and new …

Among the semiconductor metal oxides, some semiconductor structures are identified for
their unique and vast potential applications in optoelectronic, field effect transistors, solar …

There is great need for stand-alone luminescence-based chemosensors that exemplify
selectivity, sensitivity, and applicability and that overcome the challenges that arise from …

Exploring and understanding biological and pathological changes are of great significance
for early diagnosis and therapy of diseases. Optical sensing and imaging approaches have …

Multifunctional lanthanide-based upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), which feature
efficiently convert low-energy photons into high-energy photons, have attracted …

Upconversion is a nonlinear optical phenomenon that involves the emission of high‐energy
photons by sequential absorption of two or more low‐energy excitation photons. Due to their …

Inner filter effect (IFE) was previously considered as an error in fluorescence measurement.
In recent years, it has been developed as an important non-irradiation energy conversion …

The cyanine platforms including cyanine, hemicyanine, and squaraine are good candidates
for developing chemosensors because of their excellent photophysical properties …

With the unprecedented progresses of biomedical nanotechnology during the past few
decades, conventional drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been involved into smart DDSs …