Xanthan gum is a naturally occurring polysaccharide obtained from Xanthomonas
campestris. The xanthan gum backbone consists of β-d-glucose linked like in cellulose. The …

Shale gas extraction via horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (HF) has enhanced gas
production worldwide, which has altered global energy markets and reduced the prices of …

There is considerable debate about the sustainability of the hydraulic fracturing (HF) water
cycle in North America. Recently, this debate has expanded to China, where HF activities …

It has become imperative that surface and groundwater resources be managed as a holistic
system. This study applies a coupled groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) model, SWAT …

Hydraulic fracturing (HF) has emerged as a major method of unconventional oil and gas
recovery. The toxicity of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water (HF-FPW) has not …

Hydraulic fracturing is an industrial process allowing for the extraction of gas or oil. To
fracture the rocks, a proprietary mix of chemicals is injected under high pressure, which later …

Forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD) are emerging technologies of interest
for the treatment of high salinity brines. In this study, we aim to demonstrate the feasibility of …

Hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water is a highly impaired wastewater
containing dissolved salts polar and non-polar organic compounds, oil and surfactants. Here …

Hydraulic fracturing (HF) has emerged as a major recovery method of unconventional oil
and gas reservoirs and concerns have been raised regarding the environmental impact of …

The rapid expansion of shale gas extraction worldwide has raised significant concerns
about its impact on water resources. China is expected to undergo a shale revolution …