The breadth and complexity of natural behaviors inspires awe. Understanding how our
perceptions, actions, and internal thoughts arise from evolved circuits in the brain has …

Neurons are defined as polarized secretory cells specializing in directional propagation of
electrical signals leading to the release of extracellular messengers–features that enable …

In the past decades, reductionism has dominated both research directions and funding
policies in clinical psychology and psychiatry. The intense search for the biological basis of …

Human brain size nearly quadrupled in the six million years since Homo last shared a
common ancestor with chimpanzees, but human brains are thought to have decreased in …

How to make a neuron, a synapse, and a neural circuit? Is there only one 'design'for a
neural architecture with a universally shared genomic blueprint across species? The brief …

The temporal association cortex is considered a primate specialization and is involved in
complex behaviors, with some, such as language, particularly characteristic of humans. The …

The elusive diversity of neurons puzzled neuroscientists since discovering the first nerve
cells in the 1830s. Quantitative information about neuronal diversity began to flow from the …

The great promise of comparative neuroscience is to understand why brains differ by
investigating the relations between variations in the organization of different brains, their …

Current trends in neuroscience research have moved toward a reliance on rodent animal
models to study most aspects of brain function. Such laboratory-reared animals are highly …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous gaseous messenger, but we know little about its early
evolution. Here, we analyzed NO synthases (NOS) in four different species of placozoans …