Many of the ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are unique to microorganisms, such that
receptor activation unequivocally indicates the presence of something foreign. However, a …

All lifeforms have developed highly sophisticated systems equipped to detect altered self
and non-self nucleic acids (NA). In vertebrates, NA-sensing receptors safeguard the integrity …

Protein S-nitros (yl) ation (SNO) is a posttranslational modification involved in diverse
processes in health and disease and can contribute to synaptic damage in Alzheimer's …

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is
characterized by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. The accumulation of misfolded …

Human coronaviruses (hCoVs) have become a threat to global health and society, as
evident from the SARS outbreak in 2002 caused by SARS-CoV-1 and the most recent …

Background The majority of those infected by ancestral Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the UK first wave (starting March 2020) did not require …

Increasing evidence supports that cellular dysregulations in the degradative routes
contribute to the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily conserved family in the innate immune
system and are the first line of host defense against microbial pathogens by recognizing …

The immune system has evolved to protect the host from the pathogens and allergens
surrounding their environment. The immune system develops in such a way to recognize …

Hyperactive and damaging inflammation is a hallmark of severe rather than mild
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To uncover key inflammatory differentiators between …