Mainstream analysis of economic behavior assumes that economic incentives can shape
behavior even when individual agents have limited understanding of the environment (see …

The authors review research on judgments of random and nonrandom sequences involving
binary events with a focus on studies documenting gambler's fallacy and hot hand beliefs …

Human perceptual decisions are often described as optimal. Critics of this view have argued
that claims of optimality are overly flexible and lack explanatory power. Meanwhile …

In visual search tasks, observers look for targets in displays containing distractors.
Likelihood that targets will be missed varies with target prevalence, the frequency with which …

Target prevalence powerfully influences visual search behavior. In most visual search
experiments, targets appear on at least 50% of trials [1–3]. However, when targets are rare …

In a typical probability learning task participants are presented with a repeated choice
between two response alternatives, one of which has a higher payoff probability than the …

In decision from experience, the source of probability information affects how probability is
distorted in the decision task. Understanding how and why probability is distorted is a key …

Many socially important search tasks are characterized by low target prevalence, meaning
that targets are rarely encountered. For example, transportation security officers (TSOs) at …

Describes a general model of decision rule learning, the rule competition model, composed
of 2 parts: an adaptive network model that describes how individuals learn to predict the …

In signal detection theory (SDT), responses are governed by perceptual noise and a flexible
decision criterion. Recent criticisms of SDT (see, eg, Balakrishnan, 1999) have identified …