Mendelian randomization (MR) is a term that applies to the use of genetic variation to
address causal questions about how modifiable exposures influence different outcomes …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) test hundreds of thousands of genetic variants
across many genomes to find those statistically associated with a specific trait or disease …

Numerous observational studies have attempted to identify risk factors for infection with
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease outcomes. Studies have used datasets sampled from …

While volunteer-based studies such as the UK Biobank have become the cornerstone of
genetic epidemiology, the participating individuals are rarely representative of their target …

Males and females present differences in complex traits and in the risk of a wide array of
diseases. Genotype by sex (GxS) interactions are thought to account for some of these …

Background Obesity is observationally associated with altered risk of many female
reproductive conditions. These include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), abnormal uterine …

Drug development in cardiovascular disease is stagnating, with lack of efficacy and adverse
effects being barriers to innovation. Human genetics can provide compelling evidence of …

Genome-wide association studies on human behavioural traits are producing large amounts
of polygenic signals with significant predictive power and potentially useful biological clues …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide biological insights into disease onset
and progression and have potential to produce clinically useful biomarkers. A growing body …

Low muscle strength is an important heritable indicator of poor health linked to morbidity and
mortality in older people. In a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 256,523 …