The latest tremendously rapid expansion of the energy and industrial sector has led to a
sharp increase in stationary sources of CO 2. Consequently, a lot of concerns have been …

We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …

This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments are the trusted source of
scientific evidence for climate negotiations taking place under the United Nations …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

Caption: Table A. 11. 2. Synthesis table summarising assessments presented in Tables 11.4-
11.21 for hot extremes (HOT EXT.), heavy precipitation (HEAVY PRECIP.), agriculture and …

Short‑lived climate forcers (SLCFs) affect climate and are, in most cases, also air pollutants.
They include aerosols (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, carbonaceous aerosols, mineral dust …

We present a new version of the Met Office Hadley Centre/Climatic Research Unit global
surface temperature data set, HadCRUT5. HadCRUT5 presents monthly average near …

Chapter 3 takes a long-term perspective on climate change mitigation pathways. Its focus is
on the implications of long-term targets for the required short-and medium-term system …

Executive summary Land and climate interact in complex ways through changes in forcing
and multiple biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks across different spatial and …