Induction of autophagy in response to starvation is a highly conserved ability of eukaryotic
cells, indicating a crucial and ancient role of this process in adapting to nutrient conditions …

Most chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are characterized by inflammatory processes with
aberrant expressions of various pro‐and anti‐inflammatory mediators in the liver. These …

Despite being the frontline therapy for type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms of action of the
biguanide drug metformin are still being discovered. In particular, the detailed molecular …

Abstract Tap42/α4, a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, is a downstream effector
of the target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase, which regulates cell growth in coordination …

Abstract Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered potential therapeutic
agents for treating autoimmune disease because of their immunomodulatory capacities and …

The interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with important antineoplastic and immune modulatory
effects. These cytokines have been conserved through evolution as important elements of …

Acute lung injury during bacterial infection is associated with neutrophilic inflammation,
epithelial cell apoptosis, and disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier. TLR4 is required for …

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is activated by extracellular
factors that control bone accrual. However, the direct role of this complex in osteoblast …

Posaconazole prophylaxis has proven highly effective in preventing invasive fungal
infections, despite relatively low serum concentrations. However, high tissue levels of this …

Autophagy is regulated for IFN-γ-mediated antimicrobial efficacy; however, its molecular
effects for IFN-γ signaling are largely unknown. Here, we show that autophagy facilitates IFN …