Pain is a complex term that describes various sensations that create discomfort in various
ways or types inside the human body. Generally, pain has consequences that range from …

Sign language serves as an alternative communication mode for those with limitations in
hearing and speaking abilities. In India, an estimated population of around 2.7 million …

Identification of the emotional state of humans, especially kids', is a very complex activity.
Different types of emotions contribute to the behavior of kids. There are various methods to …

Automatic emotion recognition is a critical part of human-machine interactions. Reflection of
emotions and to develop its understanding is crucial to provide dealings across human …

Recycling of waste from households and industries, is one of the methods that has been
proposed to reduce the ever-increasing pressure on landfills. Different types of waste types …

Objective: Pain assessment in children continues to challenge clinicians and researchers,
as subjective experiences of pain require inference through observable behaviors, both …

Critically ill patients often lack cognitive or communicative functions, making it challenging to
assess their pain levels using self-reporting mechanisms. There is an urgent need for an …

Expression recognition relies on intensity, edges, and geometry that overlooks the actual
shape curvatures of facial regions. This paper presents a novel two-stage approach to …

Abstract Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platform plays a significant role in modern financial
systems. However, due to improper supervision, credit risk is inevitable. In this paper, we …

Cognitive science and neuroscience use human facial expressions of emotion. Every single
facial expression can be seen at different passions in a face space. Nowadays, facial …