With the current national opioid crisis, it is critical to examine the mechanisms underlying
pathophysiologic interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioids in …

This paper is the forty-second consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

In the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), as infected individuals continue to have
longer lifespans, there is also an increased prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive …

Commonly misused substances such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and
opioids suppress immune responses and may impact viral pathogenesis. In recent years …

Delivering cargo to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a pharmacological challenge.
For infectious diseases such as HIV, the CNS acts as a latent reservoir that is inadequately …

Background Appropriate interactions between antiretroviral therapies (ART) and drug
transporters and metabolizing enzymes at the blood brain barrier (BBB) are critical to ensure …

HIV particles in the blood largely originate from activated lymphocytes and can overshadow
variants which may be expressed from other cell types. Investigations of virus persistence …

People with HIV are more likely to have opioid use disorder and to be prescribed opioids for
chronic pain than the general population; however, the effects of opioids on the immune …

Successful suppression of viral replication by combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV-
1 infected individuals is paradoxically also accompanied by an increased prevalence of HIV …

Various research studies that have investigated the association between HIV infection and
addiction underpin the role of various drugs of abuse in impairing immunological and non …