Over a century ago workers such as J. Lubbock and K. von Frisch developed behavioural
criteria for establishing that non-human animals see colour. Many animals in most phyla …

The spectral sensitivities of avian retinal photoreceptors are examined with respect to
microspectrophotometric measurements of single cells, spectrophotometric measurements …

There is a growing body of data on avian eyes, including measurements of visual pigment
and oil droplet spectral absorption, and of receptor densities and their distributions across …

Colour patterns and their visual backgrounds consist of a mosaic of patches that vary in
colour, brightness, size, shape and position. Most studies of crypsis, aposematism, sexual …

The visual displays of animals and plants are often colourful, and colour vision allows
animals to respond to these signals as they forage for food, choose mates and so-forth. This …

The spectral absorption characteristics of the retinal photoreceptors of the blue tit (Parus
caeruleus) and blackbird (Turdus merula) were investigated using microspectrophotometry …

Microspectrophotometric examination of the retinal photoreceptors of the budgerigar (shell
parakeet), Melopsittacus undulatus (Psittaciformes) and the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata …

Publisher Summary Birds can see ultraviolet (UV) light because, unlike humans, their lenses
and other ocular media transmit UV, and they possess a class of photoreceptor, which is …

Although UV vision was first demonstrated in birds in the early 1970s, its function is still
unknown. Here we review the evidence for UV vision in birds, discuss the special properties …

Colour fascinates all of us, and scientists and philosophers have sought to understand the
true nature of colour vision for many years. In recent times, investigations into colour vision …