Cell death pathways have evolved to maintain tissue homoeostasis and eliminate potentially
harmful cells from within an organism, such as cells with damaged DNA that could lead to …

In multicellular organisms, cell death is a critical and active process that maintains tissue
homeostasis and eliminates potentially harmful cells. There are three major types of …

Carcinogenesis is a mechanistically complex and variable process with a plethora of
underlying genetic causes. Cancer development comprises a multitude of steps that occur …

BCL-2 family proteins, which have either pro-or anti-apoptotic activities, have been studied
intensively for the past decade owing to their importance in the regulation of apoptosis …

Impaired apoptosis is both critical in cancer development and a major barrier to effective
treatment. In response to diverse intracellular damage signals, including those evoked by …

The bone remodelling cycle (see Poster panel “The bone remodelling cycle”) maintains the
integrity of the skeleton through the balanced activities of its constituent cell types. These are …

The use of genetically manipulated mouse models, gene and protein discovery and the
cataloguing of genetic mutations have each allowed us to obtain new insights into skeletal …

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a family of highly homologous chaperone proteins that are
induced in response to environmental, physical and chemical stresses and that limit the …

Escape from apoptosis is a key attribute of tumour cells and facilitates chemo-resistance.
The 'BCL-2-regulated'or 'intrinsic'apoptotic pathway integrates stress and survival signalling …

Abstract BH3-only BCL-2 family proteins are effectors of canonical mitochondrial apoptosis.
They discharge their pro-apoptotic functions through BH1–3 pro-apoptotic proteins such as …