Vitamins and minerals are essential to humans as they play essential roles in a variety of
basic metabolic pathways that support fundamental cellular functions. In particular, their …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder characterized by excess accumulation
of fat in hepatocytes (nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL)); in up to 40% of individuals, there are …

Oxidative stress caused by an imbalanced metabolism and an excess of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) lead to a range of health disorders in humans. Our endogenous antioxidant …

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop grown and consumed all over the
world, especially in the Afro-Asian countries. It is a good source of carbohydrates and …

Vitamin A, acting through its metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid, is a potent transcriptional
regulator affecting expression levels of hundreds of genes through retinoic acid response …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an integral component of sperm developmental
physiology, capacitation, and function. Elevated ROS levels, from processes such as …

Antioxidants are man-made or natural substances that may prevent or delay some types of
cell damage. Antioxidants are found in many foods, including fruits and vegetables …

Free radicals are well documented for playing a dual role in our body as both deleterious
and beneficial species. In low/moderate concentrations free radicals are involved in normal …

Abstract ULLMANN'S Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry is the benchmark reference in
chemistry and chemical and life science engineering, covering inorganic and organic …

Metabolism, like other aspects of life, involves tradeoffs. Oxidant by-products of normal
metabolism cause extensive damage to DNA, protein, and lipid. We argue that this damage …