The role of the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) II
Diagnostic Methodology Subcommittee was 1) to identify tests used to diagnose and monitor …

Abstract The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms
involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is …

Dry Eye Dry eye is a common, painful ocular disturbance that can result from systemic
inflammatory diseases, localized eye problems, or commonly used medications. Current …

Background Dry eye disease (DED) is common; its prevalence around the world varies from
5% to 34%. Its putative pathogenetic mechanisms include hyperosmolarity of the tear film …

Topic To discuss the pathology, causes, and ocular surface impact of meibomian gland
disease (MGD), as well as its relationship to dry eye. Clinical Relevance MGD is a common …

Background Sjögren's syndrome is one of the more common inflammatory rheumatological
diseases, with a prevalence of at least 0.4% in Germany. Methods This review is based on …

Over the last two decades, a large number of non-communicable/chronic disorders reached
an epidemic level on a global scale such as diabetes mellitus type 2, cardio-vascular …

Any ocular surface disease (OSD), but most commonly, dry-eye disease (DED), can reduce
visual quality and quantity and adversely affect refractive measurements before …

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface and tear homeostasis
that can result in discomfort, pain, and visual disturbance. Untreated, DED can become …

Purpose To evaluate the effects of tear osmolarity on the repeatability of keratometry (K)
measurements in patients presenting for cataract surgery. Setting Three clinical practices …