Identification of drug metabolites by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)
involves metabolite detection in biological matrixes and structural characterization based on …

Although idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions are rare, they are still a major concern to
patient safety. Reactive metabolites are widely accepted as playing a pivotal role in the …

Cumulative research over several decades has implicated the involvement of reactive
metabolites in many idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs). Consequently,“avoidance …

A number of drugs have been withdrawn from the market or severely restricted in their use
because of unexpected toxicities that become apparent only after the launch of new drug …

Toxicology can no longer be used only as a science that reacts to problems but must be
more proactive in predicting potential human safety issues with new drug candidates …

Drugs are generally converted to biologically inactive forms and eliminated from the body,
principally by hepatic metabolism. However, certain drugs undergo biotransformation to …

Prediction of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is difficult, and the underlying
mechanisms are not fully understood. However, many drugs causing DILI are considered to …

Oral disintegrating film containing prochlorperazine, a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
with anti-emetic property, was newly developed using microcrystalline cellulose, polyethlene …

The P450 type cytochromes are responsible for the metabolism of a wide variety of
xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Although P450-catalyzed reactions are generally …

Metabolic activation of a drug leading to reactive metabolite (s) that can covalently modify
proteins is considered an initial step that may lead to drug‐induced organ toxicities …