Osteoporosis, is the most common bone disorder worldwide characterized by low bone
mineral density, leaving affected bones vulnerable to fracture. Bone homeostasis depends …

Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism primarily involves the kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and
indole pathways. A variety of bioactive compounds produced via Trp metabolism can …

The interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and host health is complex. Diets
associated with health have many similarities: high fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, and …

Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is important in the regulation of brain
activity and cognitive functions. Microbes mediate communication among the metabolic …

Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome impacts brain development and
function. Gut–brain connections may be mediated by an assortment of microbial molecules …

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that, on a cellular level, results from osteoclastic
bone resorption not compensated by osteoblastic bone formation. This causes bones to …

The gut microbiota regulates levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) in the
intestinal epithelium and lumen,,,–. However, whether 5-HT plays a functional role in …

As the intestinal microbiota has become better appreciated as necessary for maintenance of
physiologic homeostasis and also as a modulator of disease processes, there has been a …

Microbial metabolites are known to modulate immune responses of the host. The main
metabolites derived from microbial fermentation of dietary fibers in the intestine, short-chain …

Abstract Lifestyle choices influence 20–40% of adult peak bone mass. Therefore,
optimization of lifestyle factors known to influence peak bone mass and strength is an …