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Half Title Page

SUSTAINABLE AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED TRANSPORT

Series Page

TRANSPORT AND SUSTAINABILITY

Series Editors: Stephen G. Ison, Jon Shaw and Maria Attard

Recent Volumes:

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

• Lucy Budd,

  De Montfort University, UK

• Michela Le Pira,

  University of Catania, Italy

• Becky Loo,

  University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

• Corinne Mulley,

  University of Sydney, Australia

• John Nelson,

  University of Sydney, Australia

• Joachim Scheiner,

  Technical University of Dortmund, Germany

Title Page

TRANSPORT AND SUSTAINABILITY, VOLUME 19

SUSTAINABLE AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED TRANSPORT

EDITED BY

NIKOLAS THOMOPOULOS

University of Surrey, UK

MARIA ATTARD

University of Malta, Malta

and

YORAM SHIFTAN

Israel Institute of Technology, Israel

The book has been supported by the Action CA16222 of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) entitled “Wider Impacts and Scenario Evaluation of Autonomous and Connected Transport” (WISE-ACT). WISE-ACT offered the opportunity for multiple researchers from different countries with diverse backgrounds and expertise to explore relevant policy implications of autonomous and connected vehicles, and identify required policy developments at global level.

COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation.

www.cost.eu

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

Emerald Publishing, Floor 5, Northspring, 21-23 Wellington Street, Leeds LS1 4DL.

First edition 2024

Editorial matter and selection © 2024 Nikolas Thomopoulos, Maria Attard, and Yoram Shiftan.

Individual chapters © 2024 The authors.

Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.

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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters’ suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-80382-350-8 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-80382-349-2 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-80382-351-5 (Epub)

ISSN: 2044-9941 (Series)

Contents

List of Figures and Tables

Figures

Tables

About the Contributors

Serio Agriesti is a PhD Student at Aalto University. His previous work focused on the impact assessment of innovative transport systems such as Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) and Truck Platooning. His current research activities focus on agent-based modelling, performance evaluation and fleet sizing for CAVs.

Constantinos Antoniou (PhD from MIT, 2004) is a Full Professor and Chairholder at the Chair of Transportation Systems Engineering at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany. His research focuses on modelling and optimisation, data analytics and machine learning, and human factors for future mobility systems. He has authored more than 450 publications, including 185 journal papers.

Maria Attard is Head of Geography and Director of the Institute for Climate Change and Sustainable Development at the University of Malta. She is Co-editor of Research in Transportation Business and Management, Associate Editor of Case Studies on Transport Policy and sits on the editorial board of the Journal of Transport Geography. Between 2002 and 2008, she was a consultant to Malta’s government and helped develop the first white paper on transport policy (2004) and implement the 2006 Valletta Strategy including park-and-ride, pedestrianisation and road pricing (2007). She also supported the planning for the 2011 public transport reform. She sits on the Steering Committee of the WCTR and is a Cluster co-chair for NECTAR.

Eran Ben-Elia is an Associate Professor at the Department of Environmental, Geoinformatic and Urban Planning Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Head of the GAMES Lab and the CITI Center for Intelligent Transportation & Innovation. His research interests lie in applications of emerging technologies, including automated vehicles, to promote sustainable mobility futures using game-based methods, agent-based simulation models, big data analytics and AI.

Eda Beyazit is a Research Fellow in Active Travel and Micro-mobility at the Centre for Transport & Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. She previously worked as an Associate Professor in Urban Planning at the Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, and founded the IstanbulON Urban Mobility Lab. Eda was an Urban Studies Foundation International Fellow at the University of Manchester between 2022 and 2023. Eda completed her DPhil in Transport Geography at the Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford, focusing on transport-related socio-spatial inequalities. Lately, her interests include gender, informality, and the periphery. Eda has chaired the Working Group 2 of WISE-ACT alongside Karel Martens.

Pablo Cabanelas is an Associate Professor in the Department of Business Organization and Marketing at University of Vigo. He is Principal Investigator in the Knowledge Organization Research Group and Leader in several projects. His research interests are networks, industrial marketing, competitiveness, business models and mobility. His research has been published in more than 30 publications in journals and books.

Biagio Ciuffo received a PhD. degree in Transportation Engineering from the Department of Transportation Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, in 2008. He held a three-year post-doctoral position at the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy, working on the sustainability assessment of traffic and transport-related measures and policies. He is currently an Official of the European Commission, working for the Directorate for Energy, Transport, and Climate of the JRC. In the past, he has led different projects concerning the analysis of the environmental and economic impacts of different transport policies. He is also leading the JRC Project focusing on the wide implications of connected and automated mobility. He has published more than 100 scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings in transportation and traffic engineering, and he has been awarded several international prizes for his research. He is the Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the IET Intelligent Transport Systems Journal and an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transport Systems.

Mor Collins was awarded an MA in Geoinformatics at the Department of Environmental, Geoinformatic and Urban Planning Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. He specialises in advanced geographic information systems analytics, simulation and game-based approaches. He currently is working as a Project Development Manager at Enlight Renewable Energy Ltd (ENLT).

Henriette Cornet is Senior Manager for Shared Automated Mobility at the International Association of Public Transport (UITP). She received her Doctoral degree from TU Munich in 2012, and worked for the automotive industry as a Consultant in Germany and as Principal Investigator in the research institute TUMCREATE in Singapore.

Nima Dadashzadeh is a Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in Transport and Business Analytics at the Huddersfield Business School, University of Huddersfield, UK. He is an Executive Committee Member of the Universities’ Transport Study Group (UTSG) which includes 60 universities across the UK. He was also a Management Committee (MC) Member from Slovenia in EU COST Action CA16222 (WISE-ACT): Wider Impacts and Scenario Evaluation of Autonomous and Connected Transport. His research focuses on traffic simulation, transport planning and modelling, accessibility, and social inclusion of emerging transportation systems such as Autonomous and Connected Transport (ACT), Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), and Shared Mobility.

Arnór B. Elvarsson is a Research Associate at ETH Zürich. His research focuses on infrastructure planning under uncertainty for transportation systems, including scenario generation, process development and infrastructure system modelling to support decision-making for future-proof infrastructure.

Shelly Etzioni was awarded her PhD degree in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, focusing on automated and shared automated vehicles and their acceptance, using advanced modelling techniques. She is currently working as a modelling consultant for the Israeli Ministry of Transport.

Alexander Fürdös holds a Master’s degree in Urban and Regional Planning and has studied law in Vienna and Linz. His professional experience of more than 25 years covers project management of national and international transport and traffic planning projects and studies. At present, he is a Senior Expert at AustriaTech and a specialist in traffic safety; platooning and legal questions related to automated mobility.

Nikolaos Gavanas is Assistant Professor and Director of the Research Unit of Infrastructure, Technology Policy and Development, Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, Greece. He has participated as a member in the Sectoral Scientific Committee of Environment, Energy and Sustainable Mobility of the National Council for Research, Technology and Innovation. He has worked as a Policy Officer in DG RTD.

Wolfram Klar holds a Master’s degree in Spatial and Regional Planning and has experience in being a consultant and transport engineer with involvement in various projects in the field of transport and telematics. He previously worked as a Project Manager for road telematics and was responsible for the implementation of nationwide tolling systems. At present, he is a Senior Expert at AustriaTech and Head of the team Automated Mobility & Safety.

Anastasios Kouvelas is the Director of the Traffic Engineering and Control Research Group at the Institute for Transport Planning and Systems (IVT), Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich (since August 2018). Prior to joining IVT, he was a Research Scientist at the LUTS, EPFL (2014–2018), and a Postdoctoral Fellow with PATH at the University of California, Berkeley (2012–2014). He is a Senior Member of IEEE.

Michail A. Makridis is a Senior Research Scientist and Deputy Director of the Traffic Engineering Group (SVT) of ETH Zürich, Switzerland. Before, he was the scientific responsible for the Traffic Modelling Group of the Sustainable Transport Unit at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC). He holds a PhD. in Computer Vision from the Democritus University of Thrace, Greece. His interests are in Traffic Flow, Management, and Control for future Intelligent Transportation Systems in the presence of Connected and Automated Vehicles. In 2022, he received the JRC Annual Awards on Excellence in Research from the European Commission. He is a Member of IEEE.

Karel Martens is a Professor of Transport Planning at the Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology where he holds the David J. Azrieli Chair in Architecture and Town Planning. He is an expert on the nexus between transport, justice and equity and has published extensively on the topic. Together with Eda Beyazit, he co-chaired Working Group 2 of WISE-ACT, which explored the potential social challenges of autonomous and connected transport.

Konstantinos Mattas received a Civil Engineering degree, specialised in transportation, the M.Sc. degree in applied mathematics from the Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece, and a PhD degree from the Democritus University of Thrace, working on fuzzy logic applications in transportation engineering. Since 2017, he has been working at the European Commission Joint Research Centre. His research interests include intelligent transportation systems, simulation of vehicle dynamics and driver behaviour, microscopic simulation of traffic networks and network control, optimisation, and traffic safety.

Alexandros Nikitas is a Professor in Sustainable Transport Futures for Huddersfield Business School and Huddersfield’s Future Mobility Lab Founding Director. He is the Chair of the Universities’ Transport Study Group’s Executive Committee; a group that is the premier academic forum in the UK and Ireland for transport research with 60 Universities on board. Prof. Nikitas is working on the agendas of sustainable and socially inclusive mobility and automated, connected, alternatively fuelled and shared transport and has published already more than 130 peer- reviewed research outputs. He is the Associate Editor of the Journal of Transport & Health and a member of the Editorial Boards of the Journals Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Research in Transportation Business & Management and Case Studies on Transport Policy. He is a Visiting Professor at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden and at the National Technical University of Athens, Greece. Prof Nikitas is also a world’s top 2% researcher for the years 2020, 2021 and 2022 according to the Stanford/Elsevier ranking list (c-score based).

Daniela Paddeu is an Associate Professor in Sustainable Freight Futures and freight specialist at the University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. She has almost 10 years’ of experience in designing and delivering research projects on innovative and sustainable freight solutions in the UK and Europe, including stakeholder engagement, co-design, automation, and decarbonisation. Daniela has significant experience in enabling stakeholders with different backgrounds and experiences to share views and design appropriate solutions.

Graham Parkhurst is a Professor of Sustainable Mobility and Director of the Centre for Transport & Society, University of the West of England Bristol, UK added. Graham has taught and researched transport policy since 1991. His current research examines the sustainable mobility implications of greater automation and electrification, taking a critical lens to the discourses and practices of “future mobility.” Graham is a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.

Claudio Roncoli is an Associate Professor of Transportation Engineering at Aalto University, Finland. His research interests include real-time traffic management, modelling, optimisation, and control of traffic systems with connected and automated vehicles, as well as smart mobility and intelligent transportation systems. He is the author of more than 90 peer-reviewed scientific publications.

Hashmatullah Sadid is a Research Associate and a PhD Candidate at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany. His research focuses on ACT including simulation-based evaluation of ACT deployment scenarios and the use of deep learning methods and open-source data for capturing the driving behaviour of autonomous vehicles.

Dominik Schallauer works at AustriaTech as an Expert in the field of Automated Mobility & Safety. He holds a Master’s degree in Environment and Bio-Resources Management, where he specialized in transport and mobility.

Yoram Shiftan is a Professor at the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology and Head of the Israel Smart Transportation Research Center (ISTRC). His research interests include understanding sustainable futures of automated mobility using advanced choice modelling and other emerging methods.

Emily Soh is an Urban Researcher who has worked on cross-cutting urban issues including ageing and the city, transport, and food systems. Her research interests revolve around urban systems transitions, with an aspiration of guiding them toward public benefit and greater equity. She completed her PhD at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology where she researched the public values and the equity dimension of autonomous vehicle implementation. She is currently a Postdoctoral Fellow at the National University of Singapore, working on food systems transitions for small open economies.

Aggelos Soteropoulos is a Senior Expert for Automated Mobility & Safety at AustriaTech. Before joining AustriaTech, he worked as a Researcher at the Institute for Transportation System Planning at the Technical University of Vienna and the Austrian Road Safety Board and finished his doctoral thesis on the effects of automated vehicles on mobility and urban development in 2022.

Nikolas Thomopoulos is an Associate Professor in Transport at the University of Surrey. He led the University of Surrey Living Lab and currently is the Sustainable Transport & Mobility Programme Co-Leader at the Institute for Sustainability. Previously, he was the Chair of WISE-ACT, an international network of 200 experts in 42 countries, which focused on the wider impacts and scenario evaluation of automated and connected transport. His current research focuses on co-creating innovative and inclusive new mobility services.

Lena Zeisel holds a Master’s degree in Eco Design and is working as an expert at AustriaTech, amongst others on the topic of Automated Mobility. Within the field of Automated Mobility, her interest lies especially in sustainability and inclusion aspects.

Acknowledgements

The book has been supported by the Action CA16222 of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) entitled “Wider Impacts and Scenario Evaluation of Autonomous and Connected Transport” (WISE-ACT). WISE-ACT offered the opportunity for multiple researchers from different countries with diverse backgrounds and expertise to explore relevant policy implications of autonomous and connected vehicles, and identify required policy developments at global level.

COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation.

www.cost.eu

This book could not exist without our authors who have so willingly contributed their knowledge. We also thank the reviewers who supported the peer-review process undertaken to make this volume a success.

More information about WISE-ACT can be found at https://wise-act.eu/