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Carbazole-based compounds as photoinitiators for free radical and cationic polymerization upon near visible light illumination

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Abstract

Six new carbazole based compounds (Ca1-Ca6) are synthesized and proposed as high performance photoinitiators with iodonium salt (iod) and/or an amine (EDB) for both the free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylates and the cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides upon near UV and visible light exposure using light emitting diodes (LEDs) @385 nm and @405 nm. Excellent polymerization initiating abilities are found and high final reactive function conversions are acquired. A full picture of the involved photochemical mechanisms is given.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the “Agence Nationale de la Recherche” (ANR) for the grant “FastPrinting”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M–UMR CNRS 7361–UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse Cedex, France

    Assi Al Mousawi, Ahmad Arar, Patxi Garra, Bernadette Graff, Jean-Pierre Fouassier & Jacques Lalevée

  2. Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes analytiques (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Université Libanaise, Campus Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Liban

    Assi Al Mousawi, Joumana Toufaily & Tayssir Hamieh

  3. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France

    Malika Ibrahim-Ouali

  4. Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS)–UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, ENSCL, Bat C7, BP 90108, 59652, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France

    Sylvain Duval

  5. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397, Marseille, France

    Frédéric Dumur & Didier Gigmes

Authors
  1. Assi Al Mousawi
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  2. Ahmad Arar
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  3. Malika Ibrahim-Ouali
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  4. Sylvain Duval
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  5. Frédéric Dumur
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  6. Patxi Garra
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  7. Joumana Toufaily
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  8. Tayssir Hamieh
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  9. Bernadette Graff
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  10. Didier Gigmes
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  11. Jean-Pierre Fouassier
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  12. Jacques Lalevée
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Frédéric Dumur or Jacques Lalevée.

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Al Mousawi, A., Arar, A., Ibrahim-Ouali, M. et al. Carbazole-based compounds as photoinitiators for free radical and cationic polymerization upon near visible light illumination. Photochem Photobiol Sci 17, 578–585 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7pp00400a

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7pp00400a

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