Osteosarcoma, with poor survival after metastasis, is considered the most common primary
bone cancer in adolescents. Notwithstanding the efforts of researchers, its five-year survival …

Abstract Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its receptor (IL-2R) are essential in orchestrating immune
responses. Their function and expression in the tumor microenvironment make them …

Macrophages are one of the first innate immune cells to reach the site of infection or injury.
Diverse functions from the uptake of pathogen or antigen, its killing, and presentation, the …

The immune system plays an important role in controlling epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
EOC is considered to be a “cold tumour,” a tumour that has not triggered a strong response …

Chlamydia trachomatis and human papilloma virus (HPV) are the two most common
sexually transmitted infections among women. HPV infection can increase the risk of cervical …

Antibiotics had proved to be a godsend for mankind since their discovery. They were once
the magical solution to the vexing problem of infection-related deaths. German scientist Paul …

Purpose Although the combination of immunotherapy and radiation therapy to treat various
malignancies is rapidly expanding, concerns regarding increased pulmonary toxicities …

Lipids are complex organic molecules that fulfill energy demands and sometimes act as
signaling molecules. They are mostly found in membranes, thus playing an important role in …

Introduction Leishmaniasis is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan
Leishmania which remains a significant global health concern with diverse clinical …

The novel coronavirus was given the name SARS-CoV-2 due to its 80% similarity to the
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1), which caused acute …