Introduction The quantitative assessment of facial appearance and function is critical in the
process of restoring normality and thus minimising morbidity in patients with facial …

Facial asymmetry is an individualized characteristic and is commonly observed sub clinically
in overall population. However, clinically significant facial asymmetry with associated …

Facial symmetry is a key component in quantifying the perception of beauty. In this paper,
we propose a set of facial features computed from facial landmarks which can be extracted …

Background The aim of this study was to compare accuracy and timing of two handheld,
mobile three-dimensional surface imaging (3DSI) devices against an established non …

Computer-assisted 3D planning has overcome the limitations of conventional 2D planning-
guided orthognathic surgery (OGS), but difference for facial contour asymmetry outcome has …

Purpose An objective and quantitative assessment of facial symmetry is essential for the
surgical planning and evaluation of treatment outcomes in orthognathic surgery (OGS). This …

Multimodal imaging, including 3D modalities, is increasingly being applied in orthodontics,
both as a diagnostic tool and especially for the design of intraoral appliances, where …

Introduction It is considered normal for facial structures to exhibit mild asymmetry between
left and right sides. An automated, landmark-independent method was developed to …

Multiple handheld three-dimensional (3D) systems are available on the market, but data
regarding their use in detecting small volumes are limited. The aim of this study was to …

This study aimed to enhance the evaluation of facial symmetry crucial for planning and
assessing outcomes of orthognathic surgery (OGS). An innovative approach combining …