Responding to rapid growth of the renewable energy applications, it is crucial to develop low
cost and high efficient large-scale energy storage systems in order to smooth out the …

Spatial separation of the electrolyte and electrode is the main characteristic of flow-battery
technologies, which liberates them from the constraints of overall energy content and the …

Flow batteries are promising large-scale energy storage technologies for smart grids and
broad applications of renewable energies. Ion conductive membranes (ICMs) are the crucial …

The utilization of intermittent renewable energy sources needs low-cost, reliable energy
storage systems in the future. Among various electrochemical energy storage systems …

Electrochemical energy storage systems are considered as one of the most viable solutions
to realize large-scale utilization of renewable energy. Among the various electrochemical …

Novel high temperature-proton exchange membranes (HT-PEMs) are prepared based on
norbornene-type PBI (NbPBI) and double bond ionic liquids. For comparison, three ionic …

A resurgence of interest in aqueous acid-based redox flow batteries with anion exchange
membranes has been revitalized by the promising progress in this type of membrane. The …

A major problem faced by phosphoric acid doped polymer electrolyte membranes is leaking
out easily as the reaction proceeds. Here, the long alkyl side chains with quaternary …

Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have become the most promising and commercially
exploited flow batteries among the range of technical solutions for stationary electrical …

15, 25, and 35 μm thick meta-polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes are doped with H2SO4
and tested in a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Their performances are compared with …