The phenomenology of edge localized modes (ELMs), an MHD instability occurring in the
edge of H-mode plasmas in toroidal magnetic fusion experiments, is described. ELMs are …

The physics of divertors in tokamaks is reviewed, primarily from an experimental point of
view, although where possible simple analytic modelling is included. The paper covers the …

One of the scientific success stories of fusion research over the past decade is the
development of the E× B shear stabilization model to explain the formation of transport …

The input power requirements for accessing H-mode at low density and maintaining it during
the density ramp in ITER is addressed by statistical means applied to the international H …

Marked changes in the edge radial electric field E r and in the edge poloidal rotation velocity
v θ are important signatures of the LH transition in the DIII-D tokamak. Shear exists in E r and …

Abstract Effects of the plasma boundary can have a substantial influence on the behaviour of
the entire plasma in tokamaks. Progress in the field, particularly that over the last decade, is …

After a general discussion of the experimental characteristics of the LH transition and
consideration of basic theoretical principles underlying models for it, this paper reviews the …

A three‐dimensional study of the turbulence and sheared flow generated by the drift‐
resistive ballooning modes in tokamak edge plasmas has been completed. The fluid …

Combined theoretical and experimental work has resulted in the creation of a paradigm
which has allowed semi-quantitative understanding of the edge confinement improvement …

The paper describes the effect of the isotopic mass on plasma parameters as observed in
the ASDEX tokamak. The paper comprises Ohmic as well as L mode, H mode and H* mode …